## **A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: Biography**

                                         ## **Early Life and Education**


A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born on **October 15, 1931**, into a humble family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. His father, Jainulabdeen, was a boat owner and the imam of the local mosque, while his mother, Ashiamma, was a homemaker known for her kindness and generosity. Although his family had limited financial resources, Kalam grew up in an environment steeped in values, discipline, and spirituality. He often helped support the household by delivering newspapers after school.Eager and passionate about learning, Kalam excelled in his studies. He attended Schwartz Higher Secondary School in Ramanathapuram and later St. Joseph's College in Tiruchirappalli, where he earned a degree in physics in 1954. However, his true interests lay in engineering and flight science. Driven by a dream of working with aircraft, he enrolled at the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT) to study aerospace engineering. His time at MIT shaped his technical thinking and helped him develop the discipline and perseverance that would guide his future scientific career.Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, fondly known as **A.P.J. Abdul Kalam** and also known as the *"Missile Man of India"*, was India's most celebrated scientist, visionary, and statesman. His journey from a humble childhood in the small town of Rameswaram to becoming the **11th President of India** is a remarkable story of determination, hard work, and a firm resolve to contribute to the nation's development.


                        ### **Entry into India's Space Program**

After completing his studies, Kalam joined the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in 1958, beginning his illustrious journey in India's defence and aerospace sector. His early work included designing small helicopters for the Indian Army, but he felt unfulfilled. A turning point came in 1969 when he transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). At ISRO, Kalam became the project director of the Satellite Launch Vehicle-III (SLV-III), which successfully launched the Rohini satellite into orbit in 1980. This success made India a member of a select group of countries capable of launching satellites on their own. This milestone made Kalam a national hero and paved the way for India's future advancements in space technology.


                            ### **Missile Man of India**

In the 1980s, Kalam returned to DRDO and led the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP), a project aimed at making India self-reliant in missile technology. Under his leadership, India developed several successful missiles—Prithvi, Agni, Akash, Trishul, and Nag. These advancements earned him the title of "Missile Man of India," a testament to both his scientific prowess and leadership qualities.Kalam played a key role in the 1998 Pokhran-II nuclear tests, which made India a nuclear power. Although these tests attracted international attention and controversy, they were considered a significant testament to India's strategic capabilities within the country. Kalam's contributions during this period earned him the status of a national icon.


                   ### **Vision for India and the Presidency**

Beyond science and defense, Kalam was known for his grand vision for India's future. His book, "India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium," outlined a roadmap for India's development by strengthening science, technology, and youth. His vision emphasized innovation, education, and self-reliance.In 2002, Kalam was elected the 11th President of India with overwhelming support. His presidency was marked by his humility, affability, and deep connection with the people, especially students. He often referred to himself as the "People's President." During his tenure, he focused on the country's development, improving education, and inspiring the younger generation. His gentle nature, simple lifestyle, and inspiring speeches had a profound impact on millions.


                    ## **Life after becoming President**

After completing his term in 2007, Kalam returned to what he loved most—teaching and interacting with students. He worked at the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Shillong, IIM Ahmedabad, and IIM Indore, and was associated with numerous scientific and educational institutions. His passion for inspiring young minds remained undiminished. He believed that India's youth had the power to transform the country and often urged them to dream big and take responsibility for shaping the future.



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