**Shaheed Bhagat Singh Biography**

Bhagat Singh was one of the most influential revolutionaries of India's freedom struggle, remembered for his courage, intelligence, and unwavering resolve to overthrow British rule. Born on September 28, 1907, in Banga village (now in Punjab province, Pakistan), Bhagat Singh grew up in an environment steeped in nationalist ideals. His family was actively involved in the freedom struggle; his father, Kishan Singh, and uncles, Ajit Singh and Swaran Singh, were prominent political activists. This atmosphere of dissent and patriotism played a significant role in shaping Bhagat Singh's revolutionary thinking from a young age.Bhagat Singh was deeply affected by British atrocities. One of the most significant events of his childhood was the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919. As a young boy, Bhagat Singh visited the site in Amritsar and collected soil stained with the blood of the innocent victims, vowing to dedicate his life to India's freedom. This incident further solidified his hatred for the injustices of colonial rule and inspired him to adopt radical methods to overthrow the British Raj.

Bhagat Singh was not only a revolutionary but also a highly intelligent and well-read individual. He had a deep interest in literature, philosophy, and politics. He studied at the National College in Lahore, where he was exposed to revolutionary ideas and nationalist thought. Influenced by thinkers like Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Lenin, and Irish revolutionaries, Bhagat Singh gradually moved away from purely emotional nationalism towards a more ideological and socialist approach to freedom. He believed that true freedom could only be achieved by eliminating exploitation, inequality, and imperialism.In the early 1920s, Bhagat Singh became actively involved in revolutionary organizations. He joined the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), which later transformed into the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). The goal of this group was to overthrow British rule through organized revolutionary action. Bhagat Singh firmly believed that revolution was necessary to awaken the masses and challenge the oppressive colonial system. However, contrary to the image of a reckless radical, he emphasized that violence was a means, not an end, and should serve a larger political purpose. A pivotal moment in Bhagat Singh's life was the death of Lala Lajpat Rai in 1928. During a peaceful protest against the Simon Commission, British police, led by James A. Scott, brutally used force, severely injuring Rai. Rai later succumbed to his injuries. Enraged by this injustice, Bhagat Singh and his comrades decided to avenge his death. Although their target was Scott, due to a case of mistaken identity, Bhagat Singh and Rajguru assassinated British officer J.P. Saunders on December 17, 1928. This incident propelled Bhagat Singh to prominence in the revolutionary movement and made him a wanted man in the eyes of the British government.

In 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt carried out another significant act that further solidified their legacy. They threw non-lethal bombs into the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi, deliberately choosing a time when the assembly was not crowded. Their intention was not to kill anyone, but to "make the deaf hear" by drawing attention to oppressive laws such as the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill. After throwing the bombs, Bhagat Singh and Dutt voluntarily surrendered and shouted slogans like "Inquilab Zindabad" (Long Live the Revolution). This incident cemented Bhagat Singh's image as a national hero, especially among the youth. Even while imprisoned, Bhagat Singh continued to inspire people through his writings and actions. He undertook a long hunger strike demanding better treatment and equal rights for Indian political prisoners. This strike lasted for over 60 days and garnered widespread public support. During this period, Bhagat Singh wrote extensively, expressing his revolutionary ideology, atheism, and vision of a just society. His essay "Why I Am an Atheist" is one of his most famous works, showcasing his intellectual depth and rejection of superstition.Despite immense public pressure and appeals for clemency, the British government was determined to make an example of Bhagat Singh. He, along with Rajguru and Sukhdev, was sentenced to death for the murder of Saunders. On March 23, 1931, at the young age of 23, Bhagat Singh was hanged in Lahore Central Jail. His death shook the nation and intensified the freedom struggle, profoundly impacting India's political landscape. Bhagat Singh's legacy extends far beyond his revolutionary actions. He is remembered as a fearless patriot, a profound thinker, and a symbol of resistance against tyranny. His ideals of socialism, equality, and secularism continue to inspire generations of Indians. Bhagat Singh did not merely fight for political independence; he envisioned true freedom.

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