### US–Iran–Israel Conflict: Causes, Events, and Global Impact

The ongoing conflict between the United States, Iran, and Israel constitutes one of the most complex and perilous geopolitical crises in the contemporary world. Fueled by decades of political tension, ideological divergence, and strategic animosity, this dispute has now escalated into direct military confrontation—with potential repercussions spanning the entire globe.The roots of the animosity between Iran and the United States trace back to the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which transformed Iran into an Islamic Republic that staunchly opposed Western influence. Relations between the two nations deteriorated further following the hostage crisis at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. Since then, a profound lack of mutual trust and deep-seated hostility have characterized their relationship. Similarly, Iran and Israel have been adversaries since 1979. Iran refuses to recognize Israel as a sovereign state and has provided support to anti-Israel factions such as Hezbollah and Hamas. Conversely, Israel views Iran's expanding military influence and nuclear ambitions as an existential threat.A central issue in this conflict has been Iran's nuclear program. In 2015, Iran signed the 'Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action' (JCPOA) with world powers, under which it agreed to curtail its nuclear activities in exchange for sanctions relief. However, in 2018, the United States withdrew from this agreement, causing tensions to flare once again and prompting Iran to gradually resume its nuclear activities. ([Encyclopedia Britannica][1])

The immediate triggers for the recent conflict include escalating tensions surrounding Iran's nuclear program, missile development, and regional influence. Israel has long threatened to strike Iran's nuclear sites in an effort to prevent the country from developing nuclear weapons. Israel's close ally, the United States, also shares these concerns.In June 2025, Israel launched major strikes against Iran's nuclear and military facilities, killing several key military commanders and scientists. In retaliation, Iran targeted Israeli cities with drones and ballistic missiles. This significantly escalated the conflict, leading to a brief but fierce 12-day war. ([Encyclopedia Britannica][1]).Although a ceasefire was declared, tensions did not subside. Hostilities escalated sharply in February 2026, when the United States and Israel launched a massive joint military operation against Iran, targeting its nuclear infrastructure and leadership. During this campaign—dubbed "Operation Epic Fury"—hundreds of airstrikes were carried out within a span of just a few hours. ([Encyclopedia Britannica][2]).The level of military activity witnessed during the 2026 conflict was unprecedented. U.S. and Israeli forces executed approximately 900 strikes, targeting Iranian missile systems, air defenses, and critical infrastructure. One of the most pivotal events was the assassination of Iran's Supreme Leader during the initial wave of attacks—an incident that shocked the world and further intensified the conflict. ([Encyclopedia Britannica][2])

Iran retaliated on a massive scale, launching hundreds of missiles and thousands of drones at Israeli targets, as well as at U.S. military bases across the Middle East. This conflict resulted in widespread devastation, a significant loss of civilian life, and major disruptions to global travel and trade. The conflict extended far beyond direct military confrontation; Iran directly targeted the United States. Furthermore, it utilized its network of proxy groups across the region—often referred to as the "Axis of Resistance"—to launch attacks against Israeli interests. Meanwhile, Israel has relied on advanced air defense systems and U.S. support to counter incoming threats.Each party involved in this conflict possesses its own distinct strengths. Israel benefits from superior technology, advanced intelligence capabilities, and robust support from the United States. Its air defense systems—such as the 'Iron Dome' and 'Arrow'—have proven effective in intercepting missiles.Conversely, Iran's strengths lie primarily in its sheer size, manpower, and regional influence. It commands a large military force and maintains an extensive network of allies throughout the Middle East. This enables Iran to engage in various forms of asymmetric warfare, thereby rendering the conflict prolonged and complex.The United States plays a pivotal role, providing Israel with military, financial, and strategic assistance, while also remaining directly involved in potential military confrontations with Iran. Its involvement significantly amplifies both the scope and intensity of the conflict. #### Global Impact.The conflict involving the U.S., Iran, and Israel has had far-reaching repercussions across the globe. Its most immediate effects have been felt worldwide.